UK Emergency Manual Switching System The Emergency Manual Switching System - E.M.S.S. The Emergency Manual Switching System was designed to provide a skeleton long distance telephone service for Civil Defence, Military and Emergency Services should the normal public switched network be affected by enemy action. The system was closed at the end of the cold war in the early 1990's. Background to the UK Analogue Telephone Network Following the Nationalisation of the telephone companies in 1912 the UK telecoms infrastructure was run by the GPO / Post Office Telephones and in 1984 an Act of Parliament changed it into a public limited company British Telecom (BT).

Free Thai Style English Font Free Programs. Laaga Chunari Mein Daag Einthusan more. After the Bomb: Civil Defence and Nuclear War in Britain, 1945–68 provides a fascinating historical study of post-war and Cold War policy on civil defence in the. Madden 13 Ps3 Patch Notes. UK Civil Defence Manual from 1956, describing a Provisional Scheme of Public Control following a nuclear attack. This remained in force until 1968, with minor.

At the start of the cold war, the GPO analogue network was very different from today's digital networks. There was no competition from operators in the market such as Mercury, Sky, TalkTalk or Virgin, as there is today. The GPO was the sole provider of telephone communications for the public and military. 1950's Telephone Exchange Less than a quarter of people had a telephone in their own home. Due to the lack of government investment in the telephone network, there was often a waiting list for a telephone, two residential customers may have had to share a line, with no privacy between them. Unbelievably, there were advertisements to discourage calls at certain times of the day and encourage users to keep the calls to a short duration. At the start of the cold war, many towns still had a manual system, requiring the user to pick up their phone and ask the switchboard operator for the number they required.

In areas with automatic exchanges, local calls (classified as within a radius of 20 miles) could be dialled directly. Automatic long distance dialling known as Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) was introduced at Bristol in 1958. Full national rollout took in the region of 20 years. Before STD, automatic exchange customers wanting a call over 20 miles dialled either '0' or '100' for the operator who then connected the call. Even after the introduction of STD it was a number of years before every part of the country could be reached automatically, requiring those calls to be connected by the operator. Major towns had an analogue automatic telephone exchange known as a Group Switching Centre (GSC). This exchange switched customer dialled calls within the local area.